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Current plasmonic photocatalysts are mainly based on noble metal nanoparticles and rarely work in the infrared (IR) light range. Herein, cost-effective Bi2 O3-x with oxygen vacancies was formed in situ on commercial bismuth powder by calcination at 453.15 K in atmosphere. Interestingly, defects introduced into Bi2 O3-x simultaneously induced a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the wavelength range of 600-1400 nm and enhanced the adsorption for CO2 molecules, which enabled efficient photocatalysis of CO2 -to-CO (ca. 100 % selectivity) even under