https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/onx-0914-pr-9
P16(INK4a) was not a reliable surrogate marker for HPV infection in sinonasal papillomas. Data from our study endorses the hypothesis that HPV infection promotes formation of sinonasal papillomas. However, apart from HPV genotypes that are frequently found in e.g. anogenital lesions (such as 6, 11, or 16), tissue samples of sinonasal papillomas also displayed infection with "rare" HPV types (such as 58, 42, 83, or 91).Macrophages play an important role in the immune system as a key host defense against pathogens. Non-polarized m