https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/pd-1-pd-l1-in
The pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy is incompletely understood. It remains illusive how the contributing factors of neuronal ammonia accumulation, cell swelling and inflammation interact. Correlation of neuronal autoantibody levels to the degree of hepatic encephalopathy as first indication of immune mediated pathogenesis. We investigated serum autoantibody levels of representative brain proteins in patients with hepatic encephalopathy as well as in an experimental rat model with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalop
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