https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/aristolochic-
n ages and grows. In preclinical studies, bitter compounds, including quinine, stimulate secretion of glucoregulatory hormones [e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)] and slow gastric emptying, both key determinants of postprandial glycemia. A greater density of bitter-taste receptors has been reported in the duodenum than the stomach. Thus, intraduodenal (ID) delivery may be more effective in stimulating GI functions to lower postprandial glucose. We compared effects of intragastric (IG) and ID quinine [as quinine hydrochlo