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Fucoidan and carrageenan promoted the colonization of the advantageous bacteria Rikenella and Roseburia. In addition, fucoidan, inulin and carrageenan inhibited the colonization of harmful bacteria Helicobacter, upregulated the variety of Clostridia_UCG-014 and alleviated the buildup of amino acids, bile acids and indoles in the big bowel. In closing, our study uncovered different intestinal immunomodulatory mechanisms of the various polysaccharides and supplied a guideline for the improvem