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Increasing distance from residence to treatment facility was an unadjusted predictor for undergoing primary RPLND (p 0.001). Median follow-up was 54 months and there was no significant difference in overall survival between CS I teratoma patients managed with RPLND and those managed with surveillance (p = 0.13). There has been a trend toward increasing adoption of surveillance for the management of early stage pure testicular teratoma in adults. Our findings suggest that surveillance provides comparable survival outcomes to primary retroperitoneal lymp