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Adipose tissue resident macrophages play an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response. Monounsaturated fatty acids assist in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases via an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the mechanisms by which monounsaturated fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid, regulate the inflammatory response has not been well investigated. In this study, we found that a high concentration of palmitic acid induced J774A.1 murine macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory state, possibly through the activation