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Background Exosomes transfer regulatory microRNAs (miRs) from donor cells to recipient cells. Exosomes and miRs originate from both endogenous synthesis and dietary sources such as milk. miR-200a-3p is a negative regulator of the proinflammatory chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9). Male Mdr1a-/- mice spontaneously develop clinical signs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Objectives We assessed whether dietary depletion of exosomes and miRs alters the severity of IBD in Mdr1a-/- mice owing to aberrant regulation of proinflammatory