https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/Calcitriol-(R
05). While macrophages infected with MAP or treated with LPS promoted pro-inflammatory response. Further treatment of these macrophages with nicotine or HLE extracts caused higher inflammatory response (increased iNOS (M1), TNF-α, IL-6, and M1/M2 ratio, p less then 0.05), increased MAP burden, and decreased apoptosis. Pre-conditioning macrophages with nicotine ahead of infection resulted in lower pro-inflammatory response. Blocking α7nAChR with an antagonist voided the effect of nicotine on macrophages. Overall, the study