https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tno155.html
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We previously demonstrated that pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution improved glucometabolic disorders and ameliorated DN outcome in db/db mice. Here, we investigated the effects of pyruvate on high glucose (HG)-induced ER stress and apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Our results suggest that HG can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and ER stress in HK-2 cells, and that pyruvate treatment can ameliorate these ef
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