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to layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PNs). We show that optogenetic activation of astrocytes near L5PN cell body prolonged firing induced by distal inputs to L5PNs and potentiated their ability to trigger spikes. The observed astrocytic effects on L5PN firing involved glutamatergic transmission to some extent but relied mostly on release of S100β, an astrocytic Ca2+ -binding protein that decreases extracellular Ca2+ once released. This astrocyte-evoked decrease in extracellular Ca2+ elicited firing mediated by activation of Nav1.6 channels.