https://www.selleckchem.com/
Overall, 254 (25.9%) of 982 total patients were taking preoperative opioids for shoulder pain in the setting of primary OA. Female sex (P=.023), younger age (P=.019), obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2) (P=.043), chronic back pain (P less then .001), and lower SES (P=.002) were associated with increased preoperative opioid use following multivariate logistic regression. Patients with opioid use had significantly worse preoperative pain scores (P less then .001), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (P less then .001), and total Constant scores (P less then .0
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