https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/Celastrol.htm
Item parameter estimates of a common item on a new test form may change abnormally due to reasons such as item overexposure or change of curriculum. A common item, whose change does not fit the pattern implied by the normally behaved common items, is defined as an outlier. Although improving equating accuracy, detecting and eliminating of outliers may cause a content imbalance among common items. Robust scale transformation methods have recently been proposed to solve this problem when only one outlier is present in the data, although
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