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In this study, a new adaptive fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode (AFONTSM) controller is presented. A novel multi-purpose sliding surface is constructed, with the aim of bringing the reaction wheels in to rest after every attitude stabilization maneuver, utilizing the fractional-order difference of the quaternion error and the reaction wheels angular momentum error. The closed-loop system's practical fixed-time stability is investigated using the Lyapunov theorem under uncertainty and external disturbance. The AFONTSM co