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e cervical approach and combined cervicothoracic approach, which should be determined according to the pathology, size and surrounding structure of the tumor, as well as the habits of the surgeon. Most benign tumors can be excised by the cervical approach. The combined cervicothoracic approach is suitable for malignant tumors with unclear boundaries and close adhesion of important blood vessels and nerves. Proper treatment of large vessels is the key to complete resection of tumors. There are many complications in the operatio