IntegrateRNA provides GalNAc conjugated oligonucleotides containing a monovalent/trivalent GalNAc cluster attached to the 3'-end or 5'-end of the oligonucleotide. These conjugates are compatible with DNA, 2'-OMe, 2'-MOE, 2'F oligonucleotides including the options of phosphodiester or phosphorothioate linkages. To support clients' oligonucleotides therapeutic research, IntegrateRNA offers GalNAc-siRNAs, GalNAc-ASOs, GalNAc-antagomiRs and GalNAc-conjugated nucleic acid therapeutics. GalNAc conjugation is a highly effective method for delivering therapeutic oligonucleotides to specific liver tissues/cells.

GalNAc (N-Acetylgalactosamine) is a naturally occurring sugar that binds to the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which is highly expressed in the membrane of hepatocytes (liver cells). Coupling GalNAc sugars to stabilized oligonucleotide molecules allows them to target liver cells and carry out their function, being shuttled into the cytoplasm as a result of the GalNAc-ASGPR binding. Also, by decorating it to a certein delivery system as a targeting moiety, GalNAc has achieved compelling successes in the development of nucleic acid therapeutics in recent years. Furthermore, these GalNAc-oligonucleotides delivery systems have been used successfully in nonclinical species and in human to modulate the expression of many hepatocellular target RNAs.
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