https://www.selleckchem.com/
In freshwater species, metal toxicity is usually assessed through short-term exposures, hence limiting the practical usefulness of biomarkers for monitoring long-term impacts on wildlife populations. This study investigates the biological alterations elicited by chronic metallic exposures in Gammarus fossarum using multi-level biomarkers. In aquaria, gammarids were exposed for 10 weeks to field-realistic concentrations of Cd, Cu or Pb (0.25, 1.5 or 5.0 μg/L). At the individual level, behavioural traits (respiration, locomotion and feeding) were compared bet
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