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Introduction Providing social support for patients under hemodialysis treatment can reduce their psychological, social, and physical problems. The present study aimed at determining the effect of peer support on hopefulness in patients under hemodialysis. Methods This clinical trial with a pre/posttest design was conducted on 128 patients who had referred to the hemodialysis centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The patients were randomly divided into an intervention and a control group. The patients in the interve