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It really is postulated that hyperglycemia induces free-radicals and impairs endogenous antioxidant defense systems through various systems. In specific, hyperglycemia promotes the creation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), and the hyperactivity of hexosamine and sorbitol pathways, ultimately causing the introduction of insulin resistance, impaired insulin release, and endothelial dysfunction, by inducing excessive ROS production and O