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To evaluate outcomes in patients who underwent total ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the management of large stones (2cm) within non-functioning atrophic kidneys, and to identify risk factors associated with postoperative persistence of urinary tract infection symptoms in such patients. Between December 2014 and May 2019, 56 patients with large stones within non-functioning atrophic kidneys were treated at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China, with total ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Factors including