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BACKGROUND Although recent studies using experimental models of ischemic brain injury indicate that systemically-administered β1-blockers have potential protective effects on the cerebrovascular system, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In addition to their cardiovascular effects, water-soluble β1-blockers can pass the blood-brain barrier and may exert their vascular action on cerebral microvessels. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effects of β1-blockade on the cerebral microvasculature both in the normal state and