https://www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html
Sources of negative ions such as H- are essential elements of proton accelerators and tokamaks. They have limited lifetime. The replacement of an ion source is a costly process causing delays in the operation of the entire machine. The hot tungsten filament is the key element that limits the lifetime of the H- ion source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) facility. An accurate model, which describes the filament physics and provides a reliable estimate on its lifetime, may significantly improve the operation of the facility. Here