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Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) would be the most potent IRI. Their expense and cytotoxicity drive the design of artificial flexible polymers that mimic their function. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is considered the most powerful biomimetic discovered up to now, though it is instructions of magnitude less potent than AFGPs. A lack of molecular knowledge of the facets that reduce IRI performance of PVA as well as other versatile ice-binding polymers hinders the design of stronger