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Arsenic toxicity caused a significant decrease in aerial C. sativa biomass treated with CK and SO4 of about 32.7% and 29.8% compared to untreated plants, respectively. However, for our research purposes, biomass reduction has been counterbalanced by an increase in As phytoextraction, such as to consider C. sativa and CK an effective combination for the remediation of As-contaminated soils. Considering that C. sativa has the suitable characteristics to provide valuable resources for bioenergy production, our work can help