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Since the exact development of posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs) is poorly understood, we review various risk factors and propose a two-stage etiology for PSCs. The biological mechanisms associated with age-related cataracts (primarily nuclear cataracts, cortical cataracts and PSCs) were reviewed in relation to selected risk factors that induce PSCs (including atopy, diabetes, hypoparathyroidism, myopia, retinitis, solar radiation, steroid use, uveitis, vitrectomy and ionizing radiation). We particularly focused on ionizing radiatio