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To determine the incidence of bioprosthetic structural valve deterioration in dialysis patients undergoing aortic valve replacement compared to that in patients without dialysis. This single-centre retrospective observational study included 1159 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement using bioprosthetic valves for aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation at our institution between 2007 and 2017 [patients with dialysis (group D, n = 134, 12%) or without dialysis (group N, n = 1025, 88%)]. To adjust for potential differences between groups in terms of in