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We analyze all stock transactions executed by the universe of individual (or retail) investors of the Colombian Stock Exchange (5,380,810 trades performed by 42,211 individual investors between 2006 and 2016). Retail investors had negative abnormal returns on a gross excess return basis that ranged between 4% and 4.4% per year (depending on whether the alpha was estimated using the CAPM, Fama-French model or Carhart model). When transaction costs are considered, the underperformance of retail investors becomes even more pronounced, and