https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/sumatriptan.h
Both divalent cations including calcium and magnesium play important roles for microbial aggregates in binding to negatively charged functional groups on bacterial surfaces, in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and on inorganic materials in flocs and biofilms. Monovalent cations such as sodium and potassium deteriorate the floc structure and physical properties. The Integrated Fixed Activated Sludge (IFAS) process employs fixed film media in the aerobic zone; therefore, both monovalent and divalent cations are involved in th