https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/pf-03084014-p
We then determined associations between these measures and air pollution exposure and smoking behavior using statistical modeling approaches. We found that higher levels of non-conjugated carnosine, carnosine-propanal, and carnosine-propanol were significantly associated with males ( 0.02) and those of Caucasian ethnicity ( 0.02). Levels of carnosine-propanol were significantly higher in never-smokers ( = 0.001) but lower in current smokers ( = 0.037). This conjugate also demonstrated a negative association