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Surface coal mining activities completely destroy vegetation cover, soil and biodiversity. The aftermaths include huge coal mine spoil dumps, changed topography, drainage and landscape, deteriorated aesthetics and increased pollution load. These coal mine spoils are characterised by high rock fragments, extremely low water holding capacity, compacted and high bulk density, lack of organic carbon and plant nutrients, low cation exchange capacity, acidic pH and toxic metal contamination, which poses difficulties in reclamation. An array of studies has been fo