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0 MP 36, Biopac Systems, Inc., USA). In the present investigation, ibotenic acid lesion of mediodorsal thalamic nuclei reduced the wakefulness and increased paradoxical sleep, which contradicts the reports from earlier lesion studies in cats. Glutamate excitation of mediodorsal thalamic nuclei produced prolonged wakefulness. The results suggest that the mediodorsal thalamic nuclei augments arousal in the ascending reticular wake promoting pathways in contrast to the earlier reports that mediodorsal thalamic nucleus is involved in gener