https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/bupivacaine.h
Probiotics have been widely used for host immune system enhancement but with limited knowledge regarding the immunomodulation mechanisms by which they assist the mucosal innate immune response. We investigated the effects of probiotics on the modulation of the innate mucosal immune response particularly in association with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κ p65 and p105. We randomized 24 male BALB/c mice into four groups. Two groups were administered probiotics for 21 consecutive days; one of these