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05). In addition, they were found to proliferate faster, secrete more IL-6 and express higher levels of the soluble IL-6R. IPF-HLF increased proliferation was inhibited by TCZ. Moreover, IPF-HLF derived supernatants induced both direct and indirect STAT3 activation that resulted in Smad3 phosphorylation and elevated Gremlin levels in N-HLFs. These effects were also successfully blocked by TCZ. CONCLUSIONS IPF-HLF paracrine signaling leads to IL-6R overexpression, which in turn, affects N-HLF survival. The IL-6/STAT3/Smad3 axis facilitate