https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/chir-98014.ht
The most commonly used instruments were the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale. All studies reported internal consistency but many studies lacked other aspects of reliability and validity. CONCLUSION Further research should focus on assessing validity and interpretability of these questionnaires, especially in pain-related target groups. Researchers should select questionnaires that are most appropriate for their study aims and back pain population and contribute to further validation of these s