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nded surgical planning. In patients with monosegmental degenerative or isthmic spondylolisthesis, MIS fusion was advantageous concerning perioperative complication rates and perioperative surgical outcomes, but disadvantageous regarding fusion and reoperation rates compared to open fusion. 3D-VR-based analysis of sectional images significantly influenced the recommended surgical planning. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of surgery for different cervicomedullary lesions on symptomatic pattern expression and postoper