https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/gsk3368715.ht
"Layered"/"cation-ordered"/O3-type Li-TM-oxides (TM transition metal) suffer from structural instability due to "TM migration" from the TM layer to the Li layer upon Li removal (viz., "cation disordering". This phenomenon gets exacerbated upon excessive Li removal, with Ni ions being particularly prone to migration. When used as cathode material in Li-ion batteries, the "TM migration" and associated structural changes cause rapid impedance buildup and capacity fade, thus limiting the cell voltages to ≤4.3 V for stable operation and