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METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with staff (letter = 326) and patients (n = 95) in mental health care pathways within one charitable trust. All participants finished the VPC-14 to measure perceptions of the violence avoidance environment, a validated 14-item two-factor scale (staff activities and patient activities). Team demographic information ended up being gathered on the VPC-14 front sheet; client demographic, medical and physical violence information had been gathered from