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05). The median RUNX2 and ALP expression levels were significantly higher at 2 and 4 weeks after preloading than in the unloaded condition (p less then 0.05), whereas the median RANKL/OPG ratios were significantly higher at 1 and 4 weeks after preloading (p less then 0.05). Conclusions Orthodontic preloading for 4 weeks enhances PDL volumes as well as the expressions of RUNX2, ALP and the RANKL/OPG ratio in the PDL, suggesting this loading period is suitable for successful TAT.Objective This study aimed to evaluate the differences in cep