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The Theory of Evolution The theory of evolution is based on the fact that certain traits are passed on more frequently than others. These traits make it easier for individuals to live and reproduce, so they tend to increase in number over time. Scientists now understand how this process is carried out. For instance research on the clawed frog showed that duplicate genes often serve different purposes. Evolution is a natural process that occurs naturally Natural selection is the process that leads to organisms evolving to be the best at adapting to the environment