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The sample of 14 developed and building user states for the Union for the Mediterranean (UFM) was selected. To deal with the endogeneity problem, the machine- general approach to moment (GMM) design was employed. Furthermore, panel co-integration, Granger causality tests, and robustness examinations were utilized to examine the long-run and short-run causality among variables of interest. The outcomes verified the short-run powerful relationship from sustainable development (SD) to